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Skinny Logic: Quantum Codes Go on a Diet

March 4, 2026

In our latest paper, we’ve taken a big step toward large scale fault-tolerant quantum computing, squeezing up to 94 error-detected qubits (and 48 error-corrected qubits) out of just 98 physical qubits, a low-fat encoding that cuts overhead to the bone. With 64 of our logical qubits, we were able to simulate quantum magnetism at a scale that can be exceedingly difficult for classical computers.

The "holy grail" of quantum computing is universal fault-tolerance: the ability to correct errors faster than they occur during any computation. To realize this, we aim to create “logical qubits,” which are groups of entangled physical qubits that share quantum information in a way that protects it. Better protection leads to lower “logical” error rate and greater ability to solve complex problems.

However, it’s never that easy. An unofficial law of physics is “there’s no such thing as a free lunch”. Creating high quality, low error-rate logical qubits often costs many physical qubits, thus reducing the size of calculations you can run, despite your new, lower-than-ever error rates.

With our , we are thrilled to announce that we have hit a key milestone on the ĢƵ roadmap: an ultra-efficient method for creating logical qubits, extracting a whopping 48 error-corrected and 64 error-detected logical qubits out of just 98 physical qubits. Our logical qubits boasted better than “break-even” fidelity, beating their physical counterparts with lower error rates on several different fronts. And still that isn’t the end of the story: we used our 64 error-detected logical qubits in a large-scale quantum magnetism simulation, laying the groundwork for future studies of exotic interactions in materials.

Stacking Wins

To get this world-leading result, we employed a neat trick: ‘nesting’ super efficient quantum error-detecting codes together to make a new, ultra-efficient error-correcting code. Dr. DeCross, a primary author on the paper, said this nesting is like “braiding together ropes made out of ropes made out of ropes”.  Physicists call this ‘code concatenation’, and you can think of it as adding layers of protection on top of each other.

To begin, we took the now-famous ‘iceberg code’, a quantum error detection code that gives an almost 1:1 ratio of physical qubits to logical qubits. The iceberg code only detects errors, however, which means that instead of actually correcting errors it lets you throw out bits where errors were detected. To make a code that could both detect and correct errors, we concatenated two iceberg codes together, giving a code that can correct small errors while still boasting a world-record 2:1 physical:logical ratio (physicists call this a “high encoding rate”).

The team then benchmarked the logical qubits, checking large system-scale operations and comparing them to their physical counterparts. This introduces a crucial hurdle to clear: oftentimes, researchers end up with logical qubits that perform *worse* than their physical counterparts. It’s critical that logical qubits actually beat physical ones, after all – that is the whole point!

Thanks to some clever circuit design and our natively high fidelities, the new logical qubits outperformed their physical counterparts in every test we performed, sometimes by a factor of 10 to 100.

Computing Logically

Of course, the whole point is to use our logical qubits for something useful, the ultimate measure of functionality. With 64 error-detected qubits, we performed a simulation of quantum magnetism; a crucial milestone that validates our roadmap.

The team took extra care to perform their simulation in 3 dimensions to best reflect the real-world (often, studies like this will only be in 1D or 2D to make them easier). Problems like this are both incredibly important for expanding our understanding of materials, but are also incredibly hard, as their complexity scales quickly. To make qubits interact as if they are in a 3D material when they are trapped in 2D inside the computer, we used our all-to-all connectivity, a feature that results from our movable qubits.

Maximizing Entanglement

Breaking the encoding rate record and performing a world-leading logical simulation wasn’t enough for the team. For their final feat, the team generated 94 error-detected logical qubits, and entangled them all in a special state called a “GHZ” state (also known as a ‘cat’ state, alluding to Schrödinger’s cat). GHZ states are often used by experts as a simple benchmark for showcasing quantum computing’s unique capacity to use entanglement across many qubits. Our best 94-logical qubit GHZ state boasted a fidelity of 94.9%, crushing its un-encoded counterpart.

Logical Qubits Are the New Normal

Taken together, these results show that we can suppress errors more effectively than ever before, proving that Helios is capable of delivering complex, high-fidelity operations that were previously thought to be years away. While the magnetism simulation was only error-detected, it showcases our ability to protect universal computations with partially fault-tolerant methods. On top of that, the team also demonstrated key error-corrected primitives on Helios at scale.

All of this has real-world implications for the quantum ecosystem: we are working to package these iceberg codes into QCorrect, an upcoming tool that will help developers automatically improve the performance of their own applications.

This is just the beginning: we are officially entering the era of large-scale logical computing. The path to fault-tolerance is no longer just theoretical—it is being built, gate by gate, on Helios.

About ĢƵ

ĢƵ, the world’s largest integrated quantum company, pioneers powerful quantum computers and advanced software solutions. ĢƵ’s technology drives breakthroughs in materials discovery, cybersecurity, and next-gen quantum AI. With over 500 employees, including 370+ scientists and engineers, ĢƵ leads the quantum computing revolution across continents. 

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March 25, 2026
Celebrating Our First Annual Q-Net Connect!

This month, ĢƵ welcomed its global user community to the first-ever Q-Net Connect, an annual forum designed to spark collaboration, share insights, and accelerate innovation across our full-stack quantum computing platforms. Over two days, users came together not only to learn from one another, but to build the relationships and momentum that we believe will help define the next chapter of quantum computing.

Q-Net Connect 2026 drew over 170 attendees from around the world to Denver, Colorado, including representatives from commercial enterprises and startups, academia and research institutions, and the public sector and non-profits - all users of ĢƵ systems.  

The program was packed with inspiring keynotes, technical tracks, and customer presentations. Attendees heard from leaders at ĢƵ, as well as our partners at NVIDIA, JPMorganChase and BlueQubit; professors from the University of New Mexico, the University of Nottingham and Harvard University; national labs, including NIST, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories and Los Alamos National Laboratory; and other distinguished guests from across the global quantum ecosystem.

Congratulations to Q-Net Connect 2026 Award Recipients! 

The mission of the ĢƵ Q-Net user community is to create a space for shared learning, collaboration and connection for those who adopt ĢƵ’s hardware, software and middleware platform. At this year’s Q-Net Connect, we awarded four organizations who made notable efforts to champion this effort. 

  • JPMorganChase received the ‘Guppy Adopter Award’ for their exemplary adoption of our quantum programming language, Guppy, in their research workflows. 
  • Phasecraft, a UK and US-based quantum algorithms startup, received the ‘Rising Star’ award for demonstrating exceptional early impact and advancing science using ĢƵ hardware, which they published in a December 2025 .
  • Qedma, a quantum software startup, received the ‘Startup Partner Engagement’ award for their sustained engagement with ĢƵ platforms dating back to our first commercially deployed quantum computer, H1.
  • Anna Dalmasso from the University of Nottingham received our ‘New Student Award’ for her impressive debut project on ĢƵ hardware and for delivering outstanding results as a new Q-Net student user. 

Congratulations, again, and thank you to everyone who contributed to the success of the first Q-Net Connect!

Become a Q-Net Member

Q-Net offers year‑round support through user access, developer tools, documentation, trainings, webinars, and events. Members enjoy many exclusive benefits, including being the first to hear about exclusive content, publications and promotional offers.

By joining the community, you will be invited to exclusive gatherings to hear about the latest breakthroughs and connect with industry experts driving quantum innovation. Members also get access to Q‑Net Connect recordings and stay connected for future community updates.

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March 16, 2026
We’re Using AI to Discover New Quantum Algorithms

In a follow-up to our recent work with Hiverge using AI to discover algorithms for quantum chemistry, we’ve teamed up with Hiverge, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and NVIDIA to explore using AI to improve algorithms for combinatorial optimization.

With the rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), people started asking “what if AI agents can serve as on-demand algorithm factories?” We have been working with Hiverge, an algorithm discovery company, AWS, and NVIDIA, to explore how LLMs can accelerate quantum computing research.

Hiverge – named for Hive, an AI that can develop algorithms – aims to make quantum algorithm design more accessible to researchers by translating high-level problem descriptions in mostly natural language into executable quantum circuits. The Hive takes the researcher’s initial sketch of an algorithm, as well as special constraints the researcher enumerates, and evolves it to a new algorithm that better meets the researcher’s needs. The output is expressed in terms of a familiar programming language, like Guppy or , making it particularly easy to implement.

The AI is called a “Hive” because it is a collective of LLM agents, all of whom are editing the same codebase. In this work, the Hive was made up of LLM powerhouses such as Gemini, ChatGPT, Claude, Llama, as well as which was accessed through AWS’ Amazon Bedrock service. Many models are included because researchers know that diversity is a strength – just like a team of human researchers working in a group, a variety of perspectives often leads to the strongest result.

Once the LLMs are assembled, the Hive calls on them to do the work writing the desired algorithm; no new training is required. The algorithms are then executed and their ‘fitness’ (how well they solve the problem) is measured. Unfit programs do not survive, while the fittest ones evolve to the next generation. This process repeats, much like the evolutionary process of nature itself.

After evolution, the fittest algorithm is selected by the researchers and tested on other instances of the problem. This is a crucial step as the researchers want to understand how well it can generalize.

In this most recent work, the joint team explored how AI can assist in the discovery of heuristic quantum optimization algorithms, a class of algorithms aimed at improving efficiency across critical workstreams. These span challenges like optimal power grid dispatch and storage placement, arranging fuel inside nuclear reactors, and molecular design and reaction pathway optimization in drug, material, and chemical discovery—where solutions could translate into maximizing operational efficiency, dramatic reduction in costs, and rapid acceleration in innovation.

In other AI approaches, such as reinforcement learning, models are trained to solve a problem, but the resulting "algorithm" is effectively ‘hidden’ within a neural network. Here, the algorithm is written in Guppy or CUDA-Q (or Python), making it human-interpretable and easier to deploy on new problem instances.

This work leveraged the NVIDIA CUDA-Q platform, running on powerful NVIDIA GPUs made accessible by AWS. It’s state-of-the art accelerated computing was crucial; the research explored highly complex problems, challenges that lie at the edge of classical computing capacity. Before running anything on ĢƵ’s quantum computer, the researchers first used NVIDIA accelerated computing to simulate the quantum algorithms and assess their fitness. Once a promising algorithm is discovered, it could then be deployed on quantum hardware, creating an exciting new approach for scaling quantum algorithm design.

More broadly, this work points to one of many ways in which classical compute, AI, and quantum computing are most powerful in symbiosis. AI can be used to improve quantum, as demonstrated here, just as quantum can be used to extend AI. Looking ahead, we envision AI evolving programs that express a combination of algorithmic primitives, much like human mathematicians, such as Peter Shor and Lov Grover, have done. After all, both humans and AI can learn from each other.

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March 16, 2026
Real Time Error Correction at Increased Scale

As quantum computing power grows, so does the difficulty of error correction. Meeting that demand requires tight integration with high-performance classical computing, which is why we’ve partnered with NVIDIA to push the boundaries of real-time decoding performance.

Realizing the full power of quantum computing requires more than just qubits, it requires error rates low enough to run meaningful algorithms at scale. Physical qubits are sensitive to noise, which limits their capacity to handle calculations beyond a certain scale. To move beyond these limits, physical qubits must be combined into logical qubits, with errors continuously detected and corrected in real time before they can propagate and corrupt the calculation. This approach, known as fault tolerance, is a foundational requirement for any quantum computer intended to solve problems of real-world significance.

Part of the challenge of fault tolerance is the computational complexity of correcting errors in real time. Doing so involves sending the error syndrome data to a classical co-processor, solving a complex mathematical problem on that processor, then sending the resulting correction back to the quantum processor - all fast enough that it doesn’t slow down the quantum computation. For this reason, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is currently one of the most demanding use-cases for tight coupling between classical and quantum computing.

Given the difficulty of the task, we have partnered with NVIDIA, leaders in accelerated computing. With the help of NVIDIA’s ultra-fast GPUs (and the GPU-accelerated BP-OSD decoder developed by NVIDIA as part of library), we were able to demonstrate real-time decoding of Helios’ qubits, all in a system that can be connected directly to our quantum processors using .

While real-time decoding has been demonstrated before (notably, by our own scientists in this study), previous demonstrations were limited in their scalability and complexity.

In this demonstration, we used Brings’ code, a high-rate code that is possible with our all-to-all connectivity, to encode our physical qubits into noise-resilient logical qubits. Once we had them encoded, we ran gates as well as let them idle to see if we could catch and correct errors quickly and efficiently. We submitted the circuits via both as well as our own Guppy language, underlining our commitment to accessible, ecosystem-friendly quantum computing.

The results were excellent: we were able to perform low-latency decoding that returned results in the time we needed, even for the faster clock cycles that we expect in future generation machines.

A key part of the achievement here is that we performed something called “correlated” decoding. In correlated decoding, you offload work that would normally be performed on the QPU onto the classical decoder. This is because, in ‘standard’ decoding, as you improve your error correction capabilities, it takes more and more time on the QPU. Correlated decoding elides this cost, saving QPU time for the tasks that only the quantum computer can do.

Stay tuned for our forthcoming paper with all the details.

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